Dimethylsulfoniopropionate in six species of giant clams and the evolution of dimethylsulfide after death1
نویسندگان
چکیده
Substantial accumulation of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is documented in tissues of all six of the common species of giant clams (Tridacnidae). Results include measures of DMSP concentrations in siphonal mantle, byssal mantle, adductor muscle, and gill tissues obtained by gas chromatography of alkalized extracts plus evidence of DMSP from mass spectrometry. Formation of dimethylsulfide (DMS) by tissues after death is documented. The tridacnid clams maintain symbiotic associations with populations of dinoflagellates, which live within the enlarged siphonal mantle. We postulated that because of their association with dinoflagellates, the clams would chronically accumulate DMSP to high concentrations. Our results show that DMSP occurs at over 30 mmol·kg–1 in many tissues of tridacnid clams (sometimes 50–60 mmol·kg–1), meaning that these clams accumulate DMSP to the highest documented tissue concentrations in the animal kingdom. DMSP at such concentrations could affect multiple properties and functions. Our particular interest for this research was to assess whether postmortem breakdown of DMSP is responsible for the rapid development of potent off-odors and off-tastes that have blocked the commercial success of giant clam aquaculture. High concentrations of DMS produced in the day after death probably account for the peculiar perishability of giant clam tissues. Résumé : Nous présentons des données qui montrent une accumulation importante de diméthylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) dans les tissus des six espèces communes de moules géantes (Tridacnidae). Ces données comprennent des dosages des concentrations de DMSP par chromatographie en phase gazeuse d’extraits alcalinisés du manteau du siphon, du manteau du byssus, du muscle adducteur et des tissus branchiaux; d’autres données sur le DMSP ont été obtenues par spectrométrie de masse. Il y a aussi formation de sulfure de diméthyle (DMS) dans les tissus après la mort. Les moules tridacnidées maintiennent des relations symbiotiques avec des populations de dinoflagellés qui vivent dans le manteau élargi du siphon. Nous avons émis l’hypothèse que cette association avec les dinoflagellés amène les moules à accumuler de façon chronique de fortes concentrations de DMSP. Nos données confirment l’existence de concentrations de plus de 30 mmol·kg–1 (même 50–60 mmol·kg–1) dans plusieurs tissus des moules tridacnidées, ce qui représente les plus fortes accumulations tissulaires connues de DMSP dans le règne animal. À de telles concentrations, le DMSP doit affecter de nombreuses propriétés et fonctions. Nous nous sommes intéressés, en particulier, dans ce travail à savoir si la dégradation après la mort du DMSP est responsable de l’apparition rapide des fortes odeurs et des saveurs désagréables qui nuisent au succès commercial de l’élevage des moules géantes. Les fortes concentrations de DMS qui se produisent durant la première journée qui suit la mort des moules géantes expliquent probablement la détérioration inusitée de leurs tissus. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Hill et al. 764
منابع مشابه
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate: its sources, role in the marine food web, and biological degradation to dimethylsulfide.
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